Kristen McDonald Rivet
U.S. Representative, Michigan 8th Congressional District · Democrat
OfficeholderOn the 2026 ballotIncumbent · Michigan 8th Congressional District · Nov 3 General
Ballot status source: Michigan Department of State — Official Candidate Listing, All State and Judicial Offices, General Election November 3, 2026: USH8, Kristen McDonald Rivet (Democratic Party) · read Sep 24, 2026
The District
What Michigan 8th Congressional District covers
Covers all of Saginaw County, Genesee County and Bay County; part of Midland County.
Includes Midland, Flint, Burton, Saginaw, Bay City, Bridgeport, Shields, Beecher, Burt, Fenton, Freeland, Lake Fenton and 27 more.
301 precincts · District lines: Congressional lines: U.S. Census Bureau (1:500,000 cartographic boundary, 119th Congress) · Precinct lines: State of Michigan (DTMB/Bureau of Elections), 2024 Voting Precincts statewide layer (gisagocss.state.mi.us OpenData/boundaries/MapServer/9); State of Michigan Voting Precincts 2020 and 2022 (for those elections)
Results
Certified results for Michigan 8th Congressional District
8TH District Representative IN Congress
2024 Michigan General Election · Nov 5, 2024| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kristen McDonald RivetDemocrat | Democrat | 217,490 | 51.3% |
| Paul JungeRepublican | Republican | 189,317 | 44.6% |
| Kathy GoodwinOther party | Other party | 8,492 | 2.0% |
| Steve BarceloLibertarian | Libertarian | 4,768 | 1.1% |
| James Allen LittleU.S. Taxpayers | U.S. Taxpayers | 2,681 | 0.6% |
| Jim CashaGreen | Green | 1,602 | 0.4% |
Official certified results (Michigan Bureau of Elections precinct file) · Michigan Department of State, Bureau of Elections — official precinct results
8TH District Representative IN Congress
2022 Michigan General Election · Nov 8, 2022| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| Daniel T. KildeeDemocrat | Democrat | 178,303 | 53.1% |
| Paul JungeRepublican | Republican | 143,819 | 42.8% |
| Kathy GoodwinOther party | Other party | 9,069 | 2.7% |
| David CannyLibertarian | Libertarian | 4,555 | 1.4% |
Official certified results (Michigan Bureau of Elections precinct file) · Michigan Department of State, Bureau of Elections — official precinct results
8TH District Representative IN Congress
2020 Michigan General Election · Nov 3, 2020| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elissa SlotkinDemocrat | Democrat | 217,915 | 50.9% |
| Paul JungeRepublican | Republican | 202,517 | 47.3% |
| Joe HartmanLibertarian | Libertarian | 7,897 | 1.8% |
Official certified results (Michigan Bureau of Elections precinct file) · Michigan Department of State, Bureau of Elections — official precinct results
Key Votes
The record
H R 8800: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2027 — voted NoClose vote
On Passage · tally 216–212 (3 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 278, 119th Congress, session 2nd
Jul 22, 2026 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceH R 7567: Farm, Food, and National Security Act — voted Yes
On Passage · tally 224–200 (6 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 154, 119th Congress, session 2nd
Apr 30, 2026 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceH R 7744: Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2026 — voted NoClose vote
On Passage · tally 221–209 (2 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 87, 119th Congress, session 2nd
Mar 5, 2026 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceH R 7148: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026 — voted NoClose vote
On Motion to Concur in the Senate Amendments · tally 217–214 (1 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 53, 119th Congress, session 2nd
Feb 3, 2026 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceH R 7148: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026 — voted Yes
On Passage · tally 341–88 (2 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 45, 119th Congress, session 2nd
Jan 22, 2026 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceH R 6703: Lower Health Care Premiums for All Americans Act — voted NoClose vote
On Passage · tally 216–211 (6 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 349, 119th Congress, session 1st
Dec 17, 2025 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceH R 4405: Epstein Files Transparency Act — voted Yes
On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass · tally 427–1 (5 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 289, 119th Congress, session 1st
Nov 18, 2025 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceH R 5371: Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 — voted NoClose vote
On Motion to Concur in the Senate Amendment · tally 222–209 (2 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 285, 119th Congress, session 1st
Nov 12, 2025 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · source
Show all 25 recorded votesShow fewer
H R 3838: Streamlining Procurement for Effective Execution and Delivery and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 — voted Yes
On Passage · tally 231–196 (5 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 262, 119th Congress, session 1st
Sep 10, 2025 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceS 1582: GENIUS Act — voted Yes
On Passage · tally 308–122 (2 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 200, 119th Congress, session 1st
Jul 17, 2025 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceH R 3633: CLARITY Act — voted Yes
On Passage · tally 294–134 (4 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 199, 119th Congress, session 1st
Jul 17, 2025 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceH R 1: One Big Beautiful Bill Act — voted NoClose vote
On Motion to Concur in the Senate Amendment · tally 218–214 (0 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 190, 119th Congress, session 1st
Jul 3, 2025 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceH R 4: Rescissions Act — voted NoClose vote
On Passage · tally 214–212 (6 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 168, 119th Congress, session 1st
Jun 12, 2025 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceH R 1: One Big Beautiful Act — voted NoClose vote
On Passage · tally 215–214 (2 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 145, 119th Congress, session 1st
May 22, 2025 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceH J RES 88: Congressional disapproval, of the rule submitted by the EPA relating to “California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision” — voted Yes
On Passage · tally 246–164 (22 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 114, 119th Congress, session 1st
May 1, 2025 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceH R 22: SAVE Act — voted NoClose vote
On Passage · tally 220–208 (5 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 102, 119th Congress, session 1st
Apr 10, 2025 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceH CON RES 14: Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034 — voted NoClose vote
On Motion to Concur in the Senate Amendment · tally 216–214 (3 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 100, 119th Congress, session 1st
Apr 10, 2025 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceH R 1968: Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 — voted NoClose vote
On Passage · tally 217–213 (2 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 70, 119th Congress, session 1st
Mar 11, 2025 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceH R 27: HALT Fentanyl Act — voted Yes
On Passage · tally 312–108 (13 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 33, 119th Congress, session 1st
Feb 6, 2025 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceS 5: Laken Riley Act — voted Yes
On Passage · tally 263–156 (14 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 23, 119th Congress, session 1st
Jan 22, 2025 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceH R 28: Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act — voted NoClose vote
On Passage · tally 218–206 (9 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 12, 119th Congress, session 1st
Jan 14, 2025 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceH R 23: Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act — voted No
On Passage · tally 243–140 (50 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 7, 119th Congress, session 1st
Jan 9, 2025 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceH R 29: Laken Riley Act — voted Yes
On Passage · tally 264–159 (11 not voting) · Passed · Roll call 6, 119th Congress, session 1st
Jan 7, 2025 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceElection of the Speaker (119th Congress) — voted for Jeffries
Election of the Speaker · tally —–— (0 not voting) · Johnson (LA) · Roll call 2, 119th Congress, session 1st
Jan 3, 2025 · Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives · sourceRoll-call position (DW-NOMINATE)
Score -0.2440 over 559 recorded votes. Negative left, positive right, −1 to +1. A computed statistic, not a government record.
OSINT · Voteview (Lewis et al.) · source
Newest first. A close vote was decided by 5% of the votes cast or less (or 10 votes or fewer, under a fifth of the votes). Broke with party: voted against most of their party, where the record gives the party split.
Scorecards
Club for Growth scorecard, 2025: 28%
28% on the Club for Growth's 2025 congressional scorecard; lifetime score 28%. The organization's own rating.
Self-published · Club for Growth · sourceAFL-CIO Legislative Scorecard, 2025: 92%
92% on the AFL-CIO's 2025 Legislative Scorecard; lifetime score 92%. The organization's own rating.
Self-published · AFL-CIO · sourceLeague of Conservation Voters scorecard, 2025: 85%
85% on LCV's 2025 National Environmental Scorecard; lifetime score 85%. The organization's own rating.
Self-published · League of Conservation Voters · sourceHeritage Action for America scorecard, 119th Congress: 0%
0% on Heritage Action's 119th Congress scorecard (key votes and co-sponsorships, updated weekly while Congress is in session). The organization's own rating.
Self-published · Heritage Action for America · source
Committees and Appointments
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure — Member
U.S. House, 119th Congress · Member · Subcommittees: Highways and Transit; Economic Development, Public Buildings, and Emergency Management
Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives — Member Data (committee assignments) · sourceCommittee on Agriculture — Member
U.S. House, 119th Congress · Member · Subcommittees: General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit; Commodity Markets, Digital Assets, and Rural Development
Official · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives — Member Data (committee assignments) · source
Their Money
Campaign finance
- Last Change
- Profile updated · Sep 24
- Raised
- $5,658,771cycle to date through Jul 15
- Cash on Hand
- $4,254,099cycle to date through Jul 15
- Spent
- $1,499,562cycle to date through Jul 15
- Debts Owed
- $0cycle to date through Jul 15
- Next Report Due
- Q3 Report · Oct 15
View on FEC.govFEC, cycle to date through Jul 15, 2026
Top Payees
Who the campaign paid most, as its filing reports it.
- WESTWEST DIGITAL · digital consulting$202.6K
- MOLLY ALLEN ASSOCIATES LLC · fundraising consulting$126.9K
- SPIROS CONSULTING LLC · research consulting$59.6K
- NGP VAN, INC · software$56.4K
- ACUITY POLITICS, LLC · compliance services$49.0K
Campaign finance — Kristen for Michigan: Pre-Primary 2026, through Jul 15, 2026
Jul 15, 2026 · Official · Federal Election CommissionFinance Reports
Financial disclosure — Amendment 2024
Amendment for 2024, covering 01/01/2023–06/05/2024; filed 08/14/2026. Reports 38 assets; highest reported ranges: T Rowe Price Retirement Fund 2040 $500,001–$1,000,000; Fidelity Global Fund Series T5 FE (FNDNX) (spouse) $100,001–$250,000; Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund (VTHRX) $100,001–$250,000; Capital Income Builder Cl A Shs (CAIBX) (spouse) $50,001–$100,000; 34 others at or below $50,001–$100,000. Liabilities: Mortgage (United Bay Community Credit Union, joint) $100,001–$250,000. Earned income: Salary, Centered Strategies LLC $.00; salary, Michigan Health Improvement Alliance $.00; salary, State of Michigan $36,000.00; 4 more. Also: 3 positions listed (e.g. Vice President, Michigan Future); 1 agreement(s).
Aug 14, 2026 · Official · Clerk of the U.S. House of RepresentativesFinancial disclosure — Amendment 2024
Amendment for 2024; filed 08/14/2026. Reports 38 assets; highest reported ranges: T Rowe Price Retirement Fund 2040 $500,001–$1,000,000; Fidelity Global Fund Series T5 FE (FNDNX) (spouse) $100,001–$250,000; Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund (VTHRX) $100,001–$250,000; Capital Income Builder Cl A Shs (CAIBX) (spouse) $50,001–$100,000; 34 others at or below $50,001–$100,000. Liabilities: Mortgage (United Bay Community Credit Union, joint) $100,001–$250,000. Earned income: Spouse Salary, City of Bay City; Spouse Salary, State of Michigan; salary, State of Michigan. Also: 2 positions listed (e.g. Board Member, Michigan Center for Rural Health); 1 agreement(s).
Aug 14, 2026 · Official · Clerk of the U.S. House of RepresentativesFinancial disclosure — Annual report 2025
Annual report for 2025; filed 08/13/2026. Reports 37 assets; highest reported ranges: T Rowe Price Retirement Fund 2040 $500,001–$1,000,000; Fidelity Global Fund Series T5 FE (FNDNX) (spouse) $100,001–$250,000; Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund (VTHRX) $100,001–$250,000; Capital Income Builder Cl A Shs (CAIBX) (spouse) $50,001–$100,000; 33 others at or below $50,001–$100,000. Liabilities: Mortgage (United Bay Credit Union, joint) $100,001–$250,000. Earned income: Spouse Salary, State of Michigan; Spouse Pension, State of Michigan. Also: 1 position listed (e.g. Board of Directors, Rivet Community Fund); 1 agreement(s).
Aug 13, 2026 · Official · Clerk of the U.S. House of RepresentativesCampaign finance — Kristen for Michigan: Pre-Primary 2026, through Jul 15, 2026
Raised $5,658,770.52 this cycle · spent $1,499,562.32 · cash on hand $4,254,098.56 · debts owed by the committee $0.00 — through Jul 15, 2026. Where the money came from (cycle to date, as reported): Individuals $3,630,287.17 (64%); PACs and other political committees $1,533,371.81 (27%); Party committees $4,221.33 (0%); Transfers from authorized committees $421,142.45 (7%). Where it went (itemized operating expenditures this cycle, FEC-processed through Sep 20, 2026): digital $272.8K; fundraising $128.6K; polling $116.4K; individuals (staff, contractors, reimbursements) $55.2K; compliance/treasurer $52.0K; direct mail $44.6K.
Jul 15, 2026 · Official · Federal Election Commission
Show all 5 on fileShow fewer
Financial disclosure — New filer report 2024
New filer report for 2024; filed 08/06/2025. Reports 33 assets; highest reported ranges: T Rowe Price Retirement Fund 2040 $500,001–$1,000,000; Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund (VTHRX) $100,001–$250,000; Dependent-child account (dependent child) $50,001–$100,000; Northwestern Mutual Annunity $50,001–$100,000; 29 others at or below $50,001–$100,000. Liabilities: Mortgage (United Bay Community Credit Union, joint) $100,001–$250,000. Earned income: salary, State of Michigan; Spouse Salary, State of Michigan; Spouse Salary, City of Bay City. Also: 1 position listed (e.g. Board of Directors, Rivet Community Fund).
Aug 6, 2025 · Official · Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives
Money shows as the filings named here report it. Payees are who the campaign paid; individual contributors are not shown.
Advertising
Who is advertising for and against Kristen
Advertising summary — for and against (2026 cycle)
For: own campaign $34,600 on Google; outside Google ads $0–$0; Snap $0; broadcast TV not searched; FEC independent expenditures $2,044. Against: outside Google ads $90,375–$111,002; opponent campaign ads $0–$0; Snap $0; broadcast TV not searched; FEC independent expenditures $38,852. 2026 cycle. Broadcast TV: not yet searched. Meta not included.
Sep 23, 2026 · Official · Ads summary (2026 cycle)Google/YouTube ads — NO GOING BACK PAC INC. (opposing)
NO GOING BACK PAC INC. — opposing this candidate (evidence: schedule e). 24 ads since Nov 2024; spend on these ads $21,067–$24,158 (Google creative spend ranges, geo-allocated); 24 of them also linked to other candidates.
Sep 23, 2026 · Official · Google Political Ads Transparency Report (bundle updated 2026-09-23 21:37 PT) · sourceGoogle/YouTube ads — CLF (opposing)
CLF — opposing this candidate (evidence: schedule e). 21 ads since Nov 2024; spend on these ads $69,308–$86,844 (Google creative spend ranges, geo-allocated); 0 of them also linked to other candidates.
Sep 23, 2026 · Official · Google Political Ads Transparency Report (bundle updated 2026-09-23 21:37 PT) · sourceGoogle/YouTube ads — Kristen for Michigan (supporting)
The candidate's own campaign (Kristen for Michigan). 13 ads since Nov 2024; Google-reported $34,600 since Nov 6 2024 (exact, advertiser-wide).
Sep 22, 2026 · Official · Google Political Ads Transparency Report (bundle updated 2026-09-23 21:37 PT) · source
Independent Expenditures
FEC independent expenditures on file: $254,486 supporting, $234,102 opposing, across 32 reports.
ROLLING SEA ACTION FUNDSupporting · $150,000
1 report, newest Oct 6, 2026 · Federal Election Commission — electronic filing · newest filing
America PACOpposing · $127,584
12 reports, newest Oct 10, 2026 · Federal Election Commission — electronic filing · newest filing
NO GOING BACK PAC INC.Opposing · $93,518
10 reports, newest Oct 9, 2026 · Federal Election Commission — electronic filing · newest filing
Charter Schools Action PACSupporting · $53,904
4 reports, newest Oct 5, 2026 · Federal Election Commission — electronic filing · newest filing
AB PACSupporting · $43,538
2 reports, newest Oct 5, 2026 · Federal Election Commission — electronic filing · newest filing
CLFOpposing · $13,000
1 report, newest Sep 18, 2026 · Federal Election Commission — electronic filing · newest filing
For Michigan Action FundSupporting · $5,000
1 report, newest Oct 6, 2026 · Federal Election Commission — electronic filing · newest filing
WelcomePACSupporting · $2,044
1 report, newest Aug 5, 2026 · Federal Election Commission — electronic filing · newest filing
Spend as each platform or filing reports it. Each line is a separate measure, and they are not added together.
In Their Words
What they have said, on the record
“All of this drives one devastating outcome: making it much, much harder for us to win back power this November”
“You should get to choose what kind of car is right for you”
“In this moment, each of us should put ourselves in the position that allows us to do the most good.”
“I love mid-Michigan, and representing our region in Congress is the honor of my lifetime. I first ran for office because too many families in our district work hard but struggle to get by”
“The reality in our region is that things are getting increasingly hard, with prices rising much faster than wages over the past 15 years”
“That’s the agenda. Commonsense, no-nonsense, working people first”
Show all 15 statementsShow fewer
“We can make the investments necessary to secure our border, modernize our broken legal immigration system and treat everybody with dignity, all at the same time”
“But if you violate our laws, particularly with violent crimes, then there should be a deportation hearing.”
“We want to make sure that we have an immigration system that is fair, fast and finite. So if you want to come to this country and you want to abide by our laws and contribute to society, there should be a solid path for you”
“I heard about that in every corner of the district.”
“When I announced my run for Congress, I reached out to the New Dem coalition and really found my ideological home”
“That was very meaningful to me”
“What I learned in Lansing and in life is you build trust by getting to know people and making sure you are someone who is good on your word”
“My number one job is to protect that and make sure those dollars continue to flow home.”
“Politics feels really, really broken to almost everybody right now, but it actually doesn’t have to stay that way.”
Interviews and Published Statements
McDonald Rivet says lawmakers can find common ground across party lines
Radio interview · WDET
Jun 24, 2026 · Press · WDET · sourceINTERVIEW: Congresswoman McDonald-Rivet on her first 100 days in office
TV interview · Mid-Michigan NOW
Apr 15, 2025 · Press · Mid-Michigan NOW · sourceMcDonald Rivet lays out priorities ahead of being sworn into Congress
TV interview · WNEM TV5 Zoom interview with TV5's Zain Omair (2:49). Embed only: the outlet's broadcast roll-up captions are garbled, so the speaker's words cannot be transcribed with certainty; no excerpts shown. Clip window to be set on review.
Jan 2, 2025 · Press · WNEM TV5 · source
In the News
Press coverage
- GOP Congressional candidate to skip mid-Michigan debate forum, drawing criticismSep 23, 2026 · Press · MLive
- McDonald Rivet says lawmakers can find common ground across party linesJun 24, 2026 · Press · WDET
- Rep. McDonald Rivet blasts behavior at state Democratic conventionApr 22, 2026 · Press · USA Today
- McDonald Rivet says she’ll seek reelection to the U.S. House instead of a Senate runApr 11, 2025 · Press · Michigan Advance
- Democrats lose another top contender in Michigan Senate after Whitmer and Buttigieg bow outApr 10, 2025 · Press · CNN
- McDonald Rivet won't run for U.S. Senate in MichiganApr 10, 2025 · Press · The Detroit News
- Congresswoman Kristen McDonald Rivet holds swearing-in ceremony - The Michigan BannerJan 28, 2025 · Press · The Michigan Banner
- McDonald Rivet defends vote for Laken Riley Act during swearing-in ceremony in FlintJan 28, 2025 · Press · Michigan Advance
- Taking the oath as new member of Congress left McDonald Rivet ‘awestruck’Jan 12, 2025 · Press · MLive
- Michigan's Kristen McDonald Rivet is sworn into CongressJan 3, 2025 · Press · Midland Daily News
Show all 11 articlesShow fewer
- McDonald Rivet lays out priorities ahead of being sworn into US CongressJan 3, 2025 · Press · WNEM
Headlines link to the original reporting, captured on the date shown.
Reach Them
Websites and accounts
- Official Websitemcdonaldrivet.house.govFull-page screenshot of the official House office website, captured 2026-09-24 12:36 UTC. Public metrics: not applicable (website).Sep 24, 2026 · Self-published · official House office websiteOfficial
- Xx.com/repkmrPublic metrics as displayed to a logged-out visitor at capture (2026-09-24 12:55 UTC): 2,240 followers · 88 following · 504 posts.Sep 24, 2026 · Self-published · X account @repkmrSelf-published
- Facebookfacebook.com/repmcdonaldrivetSelf-published
- Instagraminstagram.com/repmcdonaldrivetSelf-published
Public social accounts
X, Facebook, Instagram
Self-published · Public accounts posted by the subject
The 2026 Field
Who else is running for Michigan 8th Congressional District
- Jim CashaGreen · On the 2026 ballot
- Kathy GoodwinOther party · On the 2026 ballot
- C. Mia PettusLibertarian · On the 2026 ballot
- Thomas J. SmithRepublican · On the 2026 ballot
The Paper Trail
Filings, results and exhibits
U.S. Representative · MI-08
Democrat · Incumbent · On the 2026 ballot
Sep 4, 2026 · Official · Michigan Bureau of Elections
Not on file for Kristen yet: Polls. Coverage varies by state and office.
File read Sep 25, 2026. Each item names its source. Record ID p_f125q4k22.
GOTV Intel reports are sourced, cited research leads your campaign confirms against the primary record before use. They are never a consumer report and never for employment, credit, insurance, housing or licensure.